A. chamaepitys (L.) Schreber, PL Vert. Unilab. 24 (1773). Davis in Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 38:24-32 (1980, with illustrations of cauline and floral leaves of all subspecies). Syn: Teucrium chamaepitys L., Sp. PL 562 (1753).
Perennial, biennial or annual herbs, very variable. Stems prostrate or ascending, variously hairy or glabrous. Cauline leaves cuneate to cuneate-oblong, shortly 3-lobed to deeply 3(-5)-partite, hirsute, villous, lanate or sub-glabrous; floral leaves usually somewhat more deeply divided. Verticillasters 2-flowered. Calyx 4-6 mm, teeth 0.5-l(-2) x tube. Corolla yellow (sometimes drying pinkish), 8-30 mm, upper lip short and emarginate, middle lobe of lower lip bilobed. Stamens exserted beyond reduced upper lip. Nutlets 2.5-4 mm, transversely rugulose, often foveolate towards apex. Calcicole.
1. Stems glabrous, usually purple; cauline leaves broadly oblong and often sheathing below the linear lobes; inflorescence usually a terminal panicle; corolla
(18-)20-25 mm b. subsp. laevigata
1. Stems hairy all round or at least on 2 opposite sides, usually green; cauline leaves not broadened out and ± sheathing below the lobes; inflorescence usually simple ; corolla 8-30 mm
  2. Dwarf alpine plants (usually on scree) with subterranean caudiculi and short, densely leafy shoots;lower floral leaves obtusely lobed to 1/3-1/2, shortly villous;corolla 18-22 mm d. subsp. glareosa
  2. Plants not as above
   3. Middle lobe of lower floral leaves linear, 6-many times longer than broad, as long as or longer than attenuate basal portion; stems spread-ing-hirsute, or shortly hairy only on 2 opposite sides ;corolla 16-23 mm a. subsp. chia
     4. Stems hirsute with long stiff patent hairs on all sides var. chia
     4. Stems glabrous on 2 opposite sides, retrorse-puberulent on the other two sides var. ciliata
   3. Middle lobe of lower floral leaves broadly ovate to linear-oblong, less than 6 x longer than broad, shorter than to as long as narrowed basal portion; stems usually woolly or sometimes pubescent-canescent all round; corolla 8-25(-30) mm
       5. Lower floral leaves divided to halfway into linear-oblong lobes; corolla 15-20 mm
         6. Prostrate plant of stony slopes or disturbed ground; flowering stems sparsely to densely villous, usually branched; basal leaves (when present) linear-oblanceolate, remotely crenate-dentate c. subsp. palaestina
         6. Plant of rock crevices; flowering stems lanate-villous, ± simple ;basal leaves (when present) narrowly obovate, subentire to crenate e. subsp. euphratica        5. Lower floral leaves divided to less than halfway; corolla 8-25(-30) mm
            7. Corolla 8-11 mm, usually drying pinkish; lower floral leaves only 8-14 mm, usually divided to 1/4 or less into short rounded to ovate-oblong lobes h. subsp. cypria
            7. Corolla 12-25(-30) mm, remaining yellow on drying; lower floral
leaves 5-27 mm, divided to 1/3 to nearly halfway 8. Inflorescence columnar, the densely imbricated floral leaves having acute oblong-lanceolate lobes;corolla 12-14 mm j. subsp. rechingeri
                8. Inflorescence not as above; leaf lobes obtuse; corolla 14-25(-30) mm
                  9. Cauline and lower floral leaves 5-12 mm, cuneate-oblong, 3-fid to 1/4-1/2; plant canescent with short slender dense subadpressed hairs;corolla 14-20(-24) mm i. subsp. mardinensis
                  9. Cauline and lower floral leaves 10-27 mm, cuneate to obtriang-ular, 3(-5)-fid to 1/3; plant lanate or patent-pilose, more robust; corolla 15-25 mm
                     10. Stems ± densely lanate; floral leaves lanate and greyish, cuneate or oblong-cuneate, divided into ovate to oblong lobes f. subsp. mesogitana
                     10. Stems patent-pilose, with many subsessile glands visible; floral leaves pilose, greenish, conspicuously glandular, broadly cuneate to obtriangular, divided into broader lobes g. subsp. cuneatifolia

a. subsp. chia (Schreber) Arcangeli, Comp. Fl. Ital. 560 (1882). var. chia. Syn: Ajuga chia Schreber, PL Vert. Unilab. 25 (1773)! Ic: Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graeca 6: t. 524 (1827); Fl. URSS 20: t. 1 f. 2 (1954), as A. chia. Fl. 4-7. Stony slopes, steppe, vineyards, fallow fields, waste and gravelly ground, s.I.-2000 m.
  Type: [Greece] in insula Chio (Khios), Tournefort (holo. P-Tourn. 1509, photo! iso. BM!).
  Widespread (less common in N., rare in Mesopotamia). A1(E) Kirklareli: Istranca Da., Velika to Kirklareli, Bauer et al. 2450! A1(A) Çanakkale: Erenköy, Sint. 1883:788! A2(E) Istanbul:: Mecresande by Makriköy, v 1918, Selinka! A2(A) Istanbul: Kartal, 1897, Azn.! A3 Bolu.: Uluhan road, 700 m, Akman 9592! A4 Kastamonu: Küre-Nahas (Küre) nr Tschuka-Chan, Sint. 1892:3748! A5 Çorum: c. 34 km from Çorum to Işkilip, 800 m, Coode & Jones 1711! A6 Samsun: Mağmur Da., 800 m, Tobey 216! A7 Gümüşane; Kelkit, 1600 m, Stainton 8432! A8 Çoruh: Borçka, 300 m, Stainton 8258! Bl Izmir: nr Kemalpaşa, Alava et al. 4898! B2 Kütahya : Gediz, 850 m, D. 36974! B3 Eskişehir: Türkmen Da., Bayat Köyü, Ekim 2416! B4 Ankara: nr
Ankara, A. & T.Baytop (ISTE 6958)! B5 Kayseri: foot of Argaeus(Erciyas Da.), 1525 m, Kotschy 1859: Suppl. 217! B7 Elaziğ: 16 km from Elaziğ to Kale, 1300 m, D, 28921! B9 Van: Edremit to Gevaş, 2000m, D. 22652! C1 Aydin: 12 km from Söke to Ephesus (Efes), Dudley (D. 34924)! C2 Muğla: W. of Muğla, 660 m, Lambert & Thorp 523! C3 Antalya: d. Kemer, Çamoluk-Akyarlar area, 20 m, Peşmen & Güner 4594! C4 Konya: Küçük Köy, 980 m, Helbaek 2446! C5 Içel: Erçel to Basnalar, Uslu 1159! C6 Hatay: Dörtyol, Rabat, s.l., Coode & Jones 467! C9 Siirt: above Şirnak, 1400-1500 m, D. 42544! Is: Khios, 3 km W. of Emborios, 50 m, Lüdtke 491! Samos, mt. Kerki, 400-800 m, Runem. & Snog. 19678! Kos, Simpestros, nr Kastela, Buttler 18106! Kalimnos, Runem. & Persson 22258! Rodhos, Kamiros, B. & V. Burbidge 157!
  Greece, Aegean, Crimea, Palestine, N.W. & W. Iran, N. Iraq, var. ciliata Briq. in Annu. Cons. Jard. Bot. Geneve 17:401 (1913-14), as A. chamaepitys (L.) Schreber subsp. chia (Schreber) Murb. var. ciliata Briq. Syn:A. comata Stapf in Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat. Kl. 50(l):50 (1885); A. pseudochia Shost. in Not. Syst. (Leningrad) 8:147 (1940); A. chamaepitys (L.) Schreber subsp. ciliata (Briq.) Smejkal in Preslia 33:392 (1961). Ic: Fl. URSS 20: t. 1 f. 1 (1954), as A. pseudochia. Fl. 5-8. Scrub, pastures, screes, Artemisia steppe, fallow fields, clay banks, 1000-2240 m.
  Lectotype (Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 38:26, 1980): Iran, without locality (holo. WU, iso. K!).
  Mainly Anatolia E. of the Diagonal. A1(E) Tekirdağ: N. side of Ganos Da., Bauer et al. 985! A5 Amasya: Amasya, Maniss. 1023! A6 Sivas : 115 km from Sivas to Suşehri, 1910-1930 m, Buttler 20377! A7 Gümüşane: Stadodopi, Sint. 1894:6216! A8 Erzurum: Ispir, 1300 m, Barclay 769! A9 Kars:23 km from Kağizman to Karakurt, 1350 m, Rech. 57428! B5 Yozgat: Akdağma-deni forest station, Curtis 174! B6 Malatya: Gürün to Darende, 1300 m, M. Zohary & Plitm. 1767-37! B7 Erzincan: 40 km W. of Erzincan, 1500 m, Andersen & Cornelius 33! B8 Erzurum: nr Aşkale, 1880 m, M. Zohary 671562! B9 Ağri: Tahir pass, 2440 m, Archibald 3251! B10 Kars: Pamuk Da., 20 km from Iğdir to Doğubayazit, 1600 m, D. 43863! C5 Niğde: Ala Da., 1500-2000 m, Parry 238! C6 Adana: 21 km from Osmaniye to Gavur Da., 400 m, Birand 47!
  Romania, S. Russia, N. & N.W. Iran, eastwards to C. Asia. In Turkey it intergrades so much with var. chia that subspecific rank cannot be justified.